Montesquieu's 'The Spirit of the Laws'

The Spirit of the Laws not only systematises the foundational ideas of 'separation of powers' and 'balances and checks,' it provides the decisive response to the question of whether power in the nation-state can be limited in the aftermath of the Westphalian settlement of 1648.

It describes a civilizational change through which power becomes domesticated, with built-in resistance to attempts to absolutise (or make total) political power. As such, it is the Bible of modern politics, now made more accessible to English readers than it ever has been.